JAMB Biology Past Questions & 2025 Study Guide

Topics that show up every year

1. Cell Biology

Cell structure, organelles and their functions.
Cell division: mitosis vs meiosis — stages and significance.
Diffusion, osmosis, active transport.

2. Classification & Diversity

Five-kingdom classification with examples.
Distinguishing features of monocots vs dicots.
Characteristics of vertebrate classes (fish → mammals).

3. Nutrition & Body Systems

Photosynthesis & respiration equations.
Human digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory and nervous systems.
Hormones and feedback (insulin, ADH, adrenaline).

4. Reproduction & Genetics

Asexual vs sexual reproduction; flower & seed structure.
Mendelian inheritance — monohybrid and dihybrid crosses.
Sex determination, sex-linked traits, blood groups.

5. Ecology & Evolution

Food chains, food webs, energy flow, pyramids of numbers/biomass.
Adaptations, natural selection, evidence for evolution.
Pollution, conservation and biotic/abiotic factors.

Study tips that actually move your score

Use flashcards for definitions — JAMB loves precise terminology.
Draw labelled diagrams from memory; redraw them weekly.
Practise 5 genetics cross problems weekly — they're easy marks.
Group ecology terms (biome, niche, habitat, population) so you don't confuse them.

Sample JAMB Biology question

In a cross between two heterozygous tall pea plants (Tt × Tt), what is the probability of an offspring being short?

Answer: A. Tt × Tt → 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt. Only tt is short, so the probability is 1/4.

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Frequently asked questions

How many questions are in JAMB Biology?

40 multiple-choice questions in approximately 45 minutes. Most candidates aim for at least 30 correct to be competitive.

Is JAMB Biology mostly memorisation?

About 60% recall (classification, ecology, body systems) and 40% application (genetics calculations, experimental diagrams, evolution reasoning).

Which Biology topics repeat in JAMB every year?

Cell structure, classification of living things, reproduction, evolution, ecology, genetics, and the human respiratory & circulatory systems.

Do I need to draw diagrams for JAMB Biology?

Not for JAMB itself (it's multiple-choice), but knowing diagrams of the heart, kidney, neuron and flower helps you answer labelled-diagram questions correctly.